Videotapes of Paris By Night, a musical variety show produced by overseas Vietnamese, being passed around like treasured assets. Propaganda music blaring from the public loudspeaker system in the morning. ABBA songs on the cassette players at the newly-launched cafe shops. Booming karaoke at every gathering. Those were the sonic moments of 1990s Vietnam when one recalls about Đổi Mới. Đổi Mới (Renovation) is usually thought of in relation to the economic reforms initiated by Vietnamese government in 1986 with the aim of shifting from centrally-planned to market-oriented economy. This shift, we reckon, could be approached as a process of relearning and recognizing Vietnam as a diverse society where economic and cultural variables have always been interdependent, interconnected—across space and throughout history. However, it was not until the era after Đổi Mới that such complex diversity could be openly discussed.